Clinical and pathomorphological characteristics of spontaneous neoplasia of the dairy gland in dogs

Abstract

It is well known that among cancers in dogs, tumors and tumor-like lesions of the mammary gland (MG) in females occupy not only the top place but also are characterized by a considerable variety of pathologies regarding the localization, stage, and nature of the pathological process, the clinical manifestation of the disease (Mac Ewen & Withrow, 1996; Mouser et al., 2010). Under such conditions, to clarify the nature of neoplasia, the establishment of an accurate diagnosis and nosological verification of cancer requires a comprehensive examination of animals and, respectively, carrying out of several clinical, instrumental, laboratory, and in some cases and particular searches (Gama et al., 2008; Rivera & von Euler, 2011). However, in determining the final diagnosis, the priority belongs to pathomorphological research, since the malignant tumor is definitively established, which is confirmed by the cytological or histological method of research, and the formulated based on this pathomorphological diagnosis reflects the histological type of neoplasm and the degree of its malignancy (Badowska-Kozakiewicz & Milacka, 2011; Goldschmidt et al., 2011). It should be noted that today the conduct of retrospective searches of neoplasia, their clinical manifestations, cytological and histological characteristics, as well as other aspects of the verification of tumors are significant both for practicing doctors, in particular, for choosing the tactics of therapeutic measures, forecasting the course of the disease (Yamagami et al., 1996; Santos et al., 2013), as well as for the monitoring and statistics of oncological diseases and the exchange of information between specialists working in the field of veterinary oncology (Webster et al., 2011; Matos et al., 2012; Mysak et al., 2018; Gutyj et al., 2018).